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how different life is so with 22.

Thank you for your comments and insights into your 22er.

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An exciting idea of spring

on my windowsill.

Can Lidocaine Kill You

22

The eldest son's birthday - and celebrates this year for the first time no longer in our home but in his own. This is different, but feels very good. The family appears split, for reasons of space. One half of the white sausage breakfast, the other half for coffee. And because not all that time they have been invited to mix it differently than it has planned the son, never mind. I was in the first half and it was very nice and cozy.

as a gift, there was a more complete set of clothes: shirt with a latch that can be embroidered, money for brogues and / or hat.

22 years - sometimes I am stunned that this first pregnancy and birth really is for so many years back.

considering we have today where we were actually 22 years old.

I already have in a long-lasting and solid relationship with the best husband (and he in that same with me, of course).

I studying in the third and fourth Semester in Stuttgart, student loan recipient, furnished dwelling with a student and the Old Lady / apartment owner.

He is still the federal government, time soldier, and also furnished dwelling, close to the Wörthersee.

Both still far from a finished education, after all, he already salaried.

The son completed training and the first year of employment as a "qualified trainees" already behind him. Especially the first time changed the place and soon replaced his company car. Worth more than four years now since his own money. And lives / lived for almost a year with his girlfriend.

And so with her 22?

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I'm sitting here killing time on the sofa and wait for the cello teacher who is now once again very punctual.

I'm on hold then so that I can still somehow not real. Although I am quite used so that it comes too late and loose meanwhile still hanging out the laundry, write a letter, prepare for my afternoon classes could. But bet that if I go into the basement, the first peg in the handle - then it rings.

(Yesterday by the way 7 1 / 2 hours alone in the store - then I was sooo broken back and legs.. I am glad that I usually am only 5 hours there and run and rooms and sell.)

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And so how family stories

I read every now and then entirely happy. River by Donna Milner has accompanied me through the last days and captivated me.

an idyllic family life on a farm in Canada, near the border with the U.S. during the Vietnam War. River - a conscientious objector from the U.S. - is set as a farm worker and also lives there. It is a great friend and all will fall in love with him or in love. Which consequently leads to a number of events and twists that make the family break up. The story is told in flashbacks from the perspective of the daughter, who is on the way to Farm is about the death of the mother to accompany. On the death bed by the family back together.

I could dip well into the history and some I was very touched. Reading material.

The Ulimtate Element Crossword Puzzle

Orange

knit color for months from the reservoir is orange. There were two strands in the skein dyed merino wool, which I would not be safe for use because of the color of socks and not converted into a cloth would. For what purpose, I actually dyed this wool?

ravelry allows even a convenient search - Enter wool strength and continue, maybe even a restriction such as age - and generally appear as models since. I once limited to baby and child, so I came to the Little Sister Dress . Clear and simple instructions for a baby / toddler dress without seams. Just right for this yarn.

Since I had dyed in two balls and the balls of varying staining intensity of color so much I like knitting with two balls. So I reached a thread change in each row a fairly uniform gradient.

The yarn was tangled terribly - the many threads are twisted very badly and split the time. I just an old, really old, metal circular needle in the desired thickness had available, the point is kind of rough, made things any better. For example, a knitted garment that actually runs alongside a simple task that required a lot of attention.

(needles and wool remaining landed already been put to waste ...)

I like the result - it's a nice dress for about 18 months old child has become. As it stands, and many write to the model, it can be worn long - first as a dress, then a sweater. I like the gradient and for a child to find this bright yellow-orange very suitable.

facts:

merino wool for self-coloring of the mesh smithy dyed Easter eggs in the ball with Ashford and colors. Needles 2.5

model Little Sister Dress ; 18 months

consumption: 160g

Tia Mowerys Bad Weave

10 days

since the last entry. Filled with:

• gradually come back down to earth, a visit to the sports center, revealed the catastrophic condition - a coach appointment tomorrow so that will get the training schedule on the front and hopefully the woman lying prostrate condition back to speed.
• many spent at home Evenings, rather than go to a ball, the Tango Argentino evening, choir and theater. Recovery did not simple and the work was enough to exhaust me. Stupid flu!
• work and training - and this time I could be a speaker there. What has worked wonderfully, and the cooperation with the colleague, and - as expected-a lot of fun.
• tasty food at a Greek restaurant that has made an impact with the illness reached acceptance achievements. Free dessert buffet, with un-Greek profiteroles and other fine chocolate-containing delights - impossible to resist.
• cooking pleasures - when the rest of the family eats something different, can I have the residues from the vegetable box to your preference and discretion just me prepare for - very fine, very Asian, very sharp.
• the knitting of a self-dyed merino wool, which is just scary - the thread splits the time and therefore requires the knitting factory - would be an easy-peasy baby dress - my whole focus. It's almost finished - exhausted, fortunately, almost the wool and the remainder is disposed of without mercy.
• green hair. The middle son. The experience of such Färbeexperimenten friend bleached long hair in the middle of the head first, and then turned it into a paste using a green hair. I must show it, but it does not look bad. Have I ever told that this son has always been a passion in disguise?
• repeatedly Cello hour - and yes, I'm making progress. And it is really fun, although I really only play exercises and scales. Systematic practice, as it was ages ago at my first piano teacher. I liked it even then somehow already. Chaotic as I'm helping this structure from the outside to domestic order. I was already well recognized.
• diligent reading. Literature on motor development, play behavior, levels of activity, brain development. With a lot of joy around again read in the Remo Largo. Some half-knowledge and Residual knowledge completed again, taken out and learn something spilled all over again.

What's Left Of Senior Week Houses

Monitored twice

Timisoara writer in 1982 in the files of the Stasi and Securitate (1)

GEORG Herb Ritts

In the fall of 1975 broke the Romanian secret police Securitate, "action group Banat" in which young German writers had gathered. They had tried out new forms of literature and criticized by Marxist point of view, a more or less the traditions of Romanian-German compatriots and the repression of the socialist state (2). This dissident group was found in 1976, and expanded staff, together in some time in Timisoara (Timisoara) existing literature circle "Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn" again. And naturally, he was also monitored by the Securitate.

1982 escalated the situation again. The literary circle "Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn" (3) announced on 10 February 1982 in a regional German-language daily newspaper in Romania, the "new way", his next event to:

.. Meeting of the Literary Circle
wj Timisoara - At the next meeting of the Literary Circle "is Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn" in Timisoara Richard Wagner new poems read. In the second part will be on Thursday at 17 clock at the headquarters of the Writers' Association held meeting songs of Wolf Biermann in hearing brought. " (4)

This message prompting most likely the GDR Embassy in Bucharest to protest at the Romanian Foreign Ministry. From East German perspective had it in fact appear as a provocation, in a" fraternal socialist country "songs of the most prominent GDR dissidents, Wolf Biermann, public audition, and this general, despite the press censorship also to announce in the newspaper. In fact, the literature circle met on 11 February for its meeting. But first was the writer and editor Horst Samson, the Biermann-recital initiated, had been the regional county Party committee urged not to implement his plan. How Horst Samson remembers the Biermann songs were therefore play only after the session in a smaller circle in his apartment. (5)

At first glance, it courageous that the Biermann-song recital has been announced in the newspaper. But Horst Samson wanted in this newspaper report the name of beer's not at all have mentioned. He was the responsible editor of the "new way" but asked very clearly, not to name the name to avoid possible trouble. (6) Whether there was only the thoughtlessness of the editor that it was different, or whether this is intentionally a cause was created to make the literary circle to attack, must remain open for now.

Three months later, the Securitate was directly against Horst Samson and his colleague William Totok before. On 14 May 1982, led by both houses searched. The Securitate justified their action with the protest of the East German embassy against the Biermann-song recital. This was only a pretext, because the incident was now back three months. In reality, the Securitate would confiscate the memory of William Totok protocols, in which he had written down the memories of his detention period 1975/76. Totok was a member of the "action group Banat", and after their defeat had been nine months sitting in custody. (7) The Securitate had their informants "Voicu" To learn that William Totok his memory protocols had given to Horst Samson. In order to protect their informant, claimed the Securitate inappropriate manner, they took action on the initiative of the East German Embassy. In appearance, they actually seized the tapes at Horst Samson man with the beer-songs, and casually "discovered" it with him then William Totok records, which they took as well. Horst Samson and William Totok were in the following weeks, interrogated several times by the Securitate, a prolonged detention remained spared them. In subsequent years, the Securitate increased the pressure on the rebellious writers, until they finally, in spring 1987 left the country and moved to West Germany. The then most influential political representatives of the German minority in the Banat, the writer and journalist Nicholas Berwick, had gone in the fall of 1984 in the West. He had managed until then always to protect the younger generation of writers before state repression or that at least mitigate. (8)

Shortly after these two incidents in the spring of 1982 traveled an unofficial employees (IM) of the East German secret police, the Ministry of State Security (Stasi, "Stasi") to Romania and visited in early June 1982, Timisoara. In the "Book" was insignificant as a writer, played but as a functionary in the East German Writers' Union a role. From the perspective of the Stasi, he had proved particularly 1976, as Wolf Biermann was expatriated from the GDR and several prominent East German writers vehemently protested. "Book" was also at this stage reliably the line of the Stasi by and helped to actively act against critical writers such as Reiner Kunze (9).

After it was "the book" returned from his trip to Romania, he reported to his commanding officer Peter Trost detailed report on the events in Timisoara and beyond. Trost made from information which is reproduced below as an illustration. It will described the two incidents in February and May 1982 in error as a complex action. is crucial, however the overall picture: "the book" The situation in Romania presented from the view is the strict, disciplined SED comrades spoke of a confident and independent literary scene in Timisoara and reported on mental and ideological spaces, that the official policy in the GDR were not compatible. Romania had from this perspective, as a madhouse, prevailed in the intolerable conditions.

"book, describing in detail the Stasi including a controversial discussion, which he in a small circle with Horst led Samson. She served as an example of the sentiments of many Romanian-German writer. In this district was "book" is not the only informant. The Securitate was their source, "Voicu" also represented. "Voicu" belonged to the literary circle of Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn and served as editor of the local German-language daily newspaper, the Neue Zeitung Banat, "a colleague Horst Samson. "Voicus Report is printed in full on the following pages. The reports of both informants are in places almost identical to devote to other areas, however they each own topics. While "book, rather Free space is emphasized in "Voicus" Report of the pressure to which the Romanian-German writer were exposed more clearly in the foreground. In this respect, different perceptions of the two informants who knew the intelligence background of the other nothing.

The main difference was, however, in how the two secret police forces of the information is processed. "Book" report was forwarded to the Stasi headquarters in East Berlin, there to be evaluated (10). The Stasi was interested in such messages, because Romania was already in the sixties as an unreliable ally. The cooperation between the Stasi and Securitate was Listed in the course of the sixties was largely, Romania was the view of the MFS "Operation Area (11). An exchange of information between two secret police forces did not take place, the information from "the book" and "Voicu" were never merged. Reports such as that of "the book" served the Stasi so to assess the situation in Romania.

"Voicus" message was programmed by Securitate officer, however evaluated in terms of the measures should be taken next. The relevant proposals of the guidance officer found directly below the report of "Voicu. The Information from "Voicu" thus forms the basis for specific repression of Horst Samson. The competent superior officer of the Securitate leaders listed as a conclusion and statement in red ink on the front page of the "Voicu" report: "Samson is a hostile element. He is to be processed by all means at our disposal. "
Even if the two informants reported the same facts and the same people, so their reports differed not only in terms of their perception, but also in terms of the resulting consequences.

* * *


STASI REPORT:


Department XX / 7 (12)
Gera, 12 July 1982

Release No. 211/82

Unofficial information about a stay in Romania

The IM was from late May to mid June 1982 in Romania. He had the opportunity to conduct a series of conversations. The following is an assessment of the interlocutors: [...]( 13)

assessment / comments to the magazine "New Literature"

Da Comrade Stoffel of literary matters not understand much of Arnold is responsible for the content manager. Browsing through some magazines, I noticed that it obviously is a tendency for outsiders in the East German literature: Uwe Kolbe, for example. To a relevant question Hauser said that he had also printed by Lutz Rathenow poems.

in the culture of the journal is about the death of artists, through awards and other reports. One reads all sorts of petty name. The name of Konrad Wolf was sought in vain. The magazine "New Literature" has received the support until the end of this year to demonstrate profitability, otherwise it is reversed.

keep employees of the magazine for this job impossible, as it is for the sake of saving paper not allowed, the number of subscribers to increase. It is believed that the German minority to be pushed back so on.

conversation in the literary circle of Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn in Timisoara

assessment Nikolaus Berwanger

[...] Nikolaus Berwanger is a member of the County Committee of the party in Timisoara, probably even a member of the Secretariat, chief editor of the German Neue Banat newspaper, secretary of the Romanian Writers' Association, Deputy Chairman of the National Council for the German population in Romania, a very influential man!

He was polite, but showed very aware of his distant Attitude toward the Soviet Union and East Germany. [...] On his relationship with East Germany Berwanger said: Employees of the East German Embassy had accused him, he would take numerous trips to Austria and the FRG, the GDR, he would not.
He had tired to explain again and again how it was with the Germans in Romania and East Germany. The East German embassy does not care about the Romanian Germans, believe however, that the Timisoarer literature circle is oriented west. That is nonsense. You, the Romanian-German writer endeavor to neither an appendage of the East German literature, to be more an appendage of the FRG literature. You could see themselves as separate, independent Romanian-German literature. 'm Sure that what is being written in German, quite a weight. Maybe not immediately, then certainly. [...]

Nikolaus Lenau Berwanger is a member of the International Society Stockerau (Austria), the Josef Reichl federal Güssing (Austria) and has many other compounds.

Average Samson, Horst

H. Samson is a poet and cultural editor at the Neue Banat newspaper. It presents the average opinion of the local literary circle. He is a defiant young man, very sure of themselves. It seems to me that the basis for this invisible conveyor are.

in the meeting at H. Samson participation of about 7 people, friend of Samson. The conversation was very enlightening, but there was an insight into the attitude toward the GDR and our literature.

In the attempt to call playback, the ideological positions of Samson and Berwanger visible.

It had been in April or early May, the following occurred:
In the German newspaper "New Way", which is distributed throughout Romania, which announced a program of the Timisoarer literature circle, played on the record with songs by Wolfgang Biermann would. Was also invited, as the person responsible for the event was Horst Samson specified. The day before the event was the Romanian State Security in Samson appeared flat and did search the house. It was found a manuscript that you've given Horst Samson, he should give it to his colleagues Totok. It turned out that there were articles from Totok that were directed against Ceausescu. Samson was taken away and interrogated. Would have revealed that he had knowledge of the contents of the manuscript, Totok for 10 to 15 years would come to prison. In the evening conversation

the facts of Horst Samson has been dargstellt.
without consultation with the Cultural Attaché of the East German Embassy, gen. [...] Rieger is considered proven that the East German Embassy adopt in the light of the announcement in the "new way", the Romanian state security, had to end the evening Biermann and running investigation into this matter. But that was a gross interference in internal affairs of Romania. The East German Embassy CARRY culture espionage and therefore have Berwanger done right, as he did not receive the cultural attaché [...], who had signed up for an interview.

Discussing GDR literature following positions were clear:
Samson, Horst asked if East German literature in general still exist, but because it ran the best people: Kunert, Sarah Kirsch, Jurek Becker. This is an irreplaceable loss. Joachim Novotny is in the conversation put, response: The? That is really no proof of literature. Samson has read any of Novotny line.

The East German guest lecturer [xxx] have called in a lecture Eva Strittmatter as a major East German poet, but that was the bottom line, said Samson. is spoken in a derogatory way as

of it is given him to understand that it is useless to argue with him because he thinks of himself as the only valid measure of poetry. He was obviously the navel of the world. That it does not stop them to accuse us, we would suppress great poet. Here he would not, in its scale, but who as of great Fühmann Poets would recognize that was really great: Lutz Rathenow!

on the desire that he should call a band / book Rathenow that can be considered as proof that size, he brings a West German anthology, there are two poems by Rathenow printed.

Whether it is sufficient as proof of the poetic size is required. Answer: He has a poem enough: It is promised him on the head: "You get the message from somewhere that Rathenow was arrested a few days. This is for you proof enough for poetic size. "- No reaction.

Samson was last year (1981) in the GDR. With the German State Theater. He has no good opinion of us. He says: "If we had four years ago, the Romanian Germans were asked whether they want to emigrate to East Germany, had agreed to 80%. . Today, no more, because it goes down in the GDR "[...]

operational staff

[Signed] Trost
Captain


* * *


SECURITATE REPORT:


Samson is a hostile element. He is to be processed by all means at our disposal (14).

note

In connection with Samson Horst informs the source:

On 7 June '82 was Eric Krieger, a Writers from the GDR, Romania, visits to the source and stated, "Today I was in the NBZ (15) editorial, where I met Samson, who has invited me to his house, so we go to him tonight. "were present

When Samson Horst on Calea Aradului Samson Horst - Samson Edda (his wife), Eric Krieger, Mark Hilde (Krieger translator from Bucharest, from the New Literature), Josef Reisenauer (editor NBZ), his girlfriend, a teacher from Lenauheim (the source has not kept its name), Helga Schleich and source.

Just after they arrived, Samson Krieger asked, "Mr. Krieger as it is possible that the GDR their most valuable writer sent into exile in Germany? "

Krieger," I can not this state of affairs deemed, live in my country a great many writers and valuable poet, but it seems that with you only those who are considered to make the scandal and vertebrae. They should know, dear Samson, I do not like those authors who are important not because of their works, but because of the scandal. "

Samson:" It seems that our intelligence is now directed at you. With me they made a house search, and would not have been Berwanger, I think I would now sit in jail. They spoke almost 15-20 years Prison. We do not send them to Germany, they are a lock. Well, that Berwick has cut us out of there "

There was also talk in an interview on the magazine" New Literature ":

Samson:" There is a rumor, that the NL will disappear. Then we, the German writer from Romania, really nothing to look here. It is true that the leadership of this journal is very weak, they would have to be changed. In any case, if the magazine is given up, we will write a joint appeal to Ceausescu, I'm sure there are at least 25 signatories. Basically, we're not always with all nonsense agree that the top committed "

said about the NBZ Samson:

. It is basically a very weak paper, but the cultural part is very good, because committed, critical texts will be published. This is the merit of Berwick, who simply can not be influenced by the neo-Stalinist. Berwanger has no fear, he probably has good relations also up, but also in the West, which - if it would happen - go immediately to help him would be, and I do not think that Ceausescu's regime is interested in that West, an article about the oppression of intellectuals in Romania appear. "

The source points out, Samson had given all of these assessments are without him if someone had asked, or unless someone had previously said his views. He talked incessantly, praised all the time. To the source, he said,

"show it to you but at this mayor, who got a kick in the butt (speaking of the teachers who were laid off). They are a flock of sheep, which can make you anything you want. There are assholes, cowards. . The only ones who struggle, we are the writers'

Also from the "Transcendental incident" (16) was the speech:

Samson: "You look stopgap for the miserable situation in which we find ourselves. Thus, the Sekuristen have discovered the transcendental. "

Much was discussed about literature, especially on theoretical questions about poetry and prose. Krieger told thousands of East German literature, her features and artistic significance. At midnight, the source went home, but Krieger and the translator together with the other remained at Samson family.

Timisoara, 11.06.82 Voicu

___________________


OBSERVATIONS

- the foreign nationals may not have been reported as conspicuous
- Horst Samson is being processed and is known for his hostility
- the other person're not reported as conspicuous

TASKS

- discuss with Samson Horst, to determine what seized for information he is to that of our material and the measures against Totok Wiliam makes

- verify that Samson has other hostile letters and translations, and with them what he intends

MEASURES

This note of guidance is provided.

[Signed] Lieutenant Colonel Paduraru [and another Securitate employees]


Footnotes:

(1) This contribution first appeared in the Berlin newspaper "Look and Listen" 17 (2008) 4 (= magazine 62), p. 50-53, and we were for the "cultural space Banat" by the author kindly made available. See also: http://www.horch-und-guck.info/hug.
(2) Ernest Wichner (ed.), A pronoun has been arrested. Texts of the Action Group Banat. Frankfurt / M. 1992nd
(3) Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn (1852-1923), emanating from the Banat writer who coined the term with his own novels of history and identity of the "Banat Swabians.
(4) "New Way", 10.2.1982, p. 4 In the "New Newspaper Banat", the local German Daily newspaper in Timisoara, was released no such announcement.
(5) Communication Horst Samson to the author, 11.6.2008. Deviating from the Samson Totok colleague recalls the effect that the Biermann songs were still played during the session, see William Totok, the constraints of memory. Notes from Romania. Hamburg 1988, p. 142 Form in which the East German embassy was actually active at that time has not yet been determined, since the files from the subject area of the East German Foreign Ministry a thirty-year vesting period. Such interventions, however, were quite common.
(6) Communication Horst Samsons (see note 5).
(7) Totok, the constraints of memory (Note 5), p. 61-122; Totok also describes in detail the "action group Banat" and the literary circle "Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn.
(8) See Note 6 and 7 and www.horstsamson.de.
(9) Stasi, BV Gera, Department of XX / 7, 12/15/1980: Information Report on IME "beech"; Stasi, Stasi, BV Gera, X/872/80.
(10) A letter of the Stasi district administration Gera, Department XX, the Stasi Department XX, 16/07/1982; Stasi, Stasi, HA XX / AKG, 869, Bl 87th
(11) See Georg Herbers, a hostile brother, Country: Romania in view of the East German State Security. In: semi-annual magazine for South-East European history, literature and politics 16 (2004) 1, p. 5-13.
(12) Editorial Note: The document was adapted to the new spelling, typographical errors were corrected, emphasis of personal names of the original were not included. [...] Omissions are identified, anonymizing by [xxx]. The complete document was published in the "semi-annual magazine for South-East European history, literature and politics," 17 (2005) 2, p. 118-123. The then author-written introduction (ibid., p. 114-117) can now be clarified. The document ends with the following note of the guidance officer: "This information was reviewed by an honest and source developed. . Since the source appears at this time was staying alone in Romania, we ask for the assessment of the available information about protection of sources "in the" book "is the document not mentioned explicitly, and its authorship is in comparing this document with the following printed report "Voicu" but plausible. According to that information in note 9 of the report writer Erich Krieger Gera by the Stasi as in the "book" out. Further notes are missing, in particular, the actual IM Act probably destroyed in 1989-90. The original of the document is printed here in the Stasi Records Authority Signature Stasi, Stasi, HA XX / AKG 869, f. 88-95.
(13) estimates follow including the chief editor of the "New Literature", Emmerich Stoffel, and his deputy, Arnold Hauser.
(14) Editorial Note: The translation made by the Romanian original Samson at Horst, whom I thank sincerely for this. It is located in the archives of Securitate documents Bucharest authority under the signature ACNSAS, Dosar No. 4433, Vol i No. 184 942, regarding "Sandu", p. 121-123. In the original manuscript there are many underlines. Above, only those passages are underlined, highlighted in the original double. The opening sentences of Samson as "hostile elements" are of a higher Securitate officer subsequently wrote as a conclusion and statement. The information report itself, in turn, a different signature than the following "observations ...".
(15) NBZ: "New Banat Zeitung, German language daily newspaper in Timisoara.
(16) In Romania, transcendental meditation, then classified as subversive and persecuted. See: Gabriel Andreescu, Reprimarea miscarii yoga în anii 80th Iasi 2008th

Price Of A Human Testical

atrocities


... these socks. Trekking Hand Art from a Caribbean. I found the colors in the line flashy, but very promising. Entangled they are just ugly. The wool itself is very pleasant - soft for wool socks. Well

hike in the sales box. Someone they'll surely good enough for his feet.

Hopefully last doctor's visit today, with a surprisingly long wait, despite private patient chair. And just today I was not knitting it, because the socks so grad almost finished were on the fast and uncomplicated nothing tangible. At the pneumonia vorbeigeschrappt, protect your privacy even over the weekend.

All right. I remember also the case that the planned for tomorrow to dance the night is not likely. Very sad ...

How To Tell Furry Parents

knitting

are days on the sofa when up to the hands and the mind is not really demanding existence, are excellent at this 98% finished knitted pieces to finally completely finished.

Probably the oldest thing in the knitting basket was the sound "Vision of Delight." Finished knitting in November 2008! Since then, he is relaxed around here. Because he does not like me that is. So for me not like it. But yes maybe he likes someone else - at least I got him at last stretched. The wool is wonderful - a lightweight, soft nothing, a touch of a scarf, beautiful color, the gray in it with some darker tones that fall slightly bluish. I also knit really evenly, so I am very satisfied. But the pattern is simply not mine - especially the large diamond in the middle. And the scarf is relatively short - it is just simply a shawl, wrap shawl, not the inside. In short, I am not sure how, and why should I wear it.

So if anyone finds pleasure turn - simply make an exchange offer.

Then there were the various baby jacket. There was a band to run through and various buttons to sew up a few threads, a crochet edge.

finished Final are now three. The buttons on the vest I liked particularly well.

And then I test knit for the first time a pattern. For Martina , which is already known with some towels, her sock patterns Knotzo.

line with instructions for socks, I'm usually pretty casual about - I own with the pattern and pass the rest on my usual sock recipe. But this time, so was the examination of the details of the topic. In addition, these socks are knit toe-up, what I've done only once, and that's quite a long time ago.

The pattern described is super - a really great tutorial. And for me the experience with magic cast on and surprisingly strechy bind-off succeed tip and a really flexible, but not labbriger margin quite excellent. The heels of variation was also easily and the winding mesh without holes - I am very satisfied. Still - what is the advantage of the toe-up socks, I do not really opens up.

College Sorority Initiations.

Orange




Dinner, in orange: sweet potatoes, pumpkin, carrots, peppers. Only an onion. All in olive oil with Arabic spices and cumin contact. Bake in the oven. These quark with fresh herbs.

delicious Sun

again I enjoy my food!

(. My remaining sons in this food you do not deported summarily, the frozen pizza in the oven as well -. Then I again tomorrow lunch and dinner.) Worship

Retro Fridge Melbourne

behind the door

sun .

feet on sun-warmed tiles.

hands on sun-warm glass.

sun on your face. Heated. Lit.

missing for so long.

Stomach Pain Coughing Pregnancy

"spies of the Vatican"

The bishop, Hitler and the Securitate
The Stalinist show trial against the so-called "spies of the Vatican," in 1951 in Bucharest

By William Totok

From 10 to 17 September 1951 was held in Bucharest one of the most horrible, Stalinist show trials in the history of Romania. The 10 defendants in the so-called "trial of spies in the Vatican" - the bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Timisoara, Augustin Pacha (arrested on 18 July 1950), the secret Bishop Joseph [Iosif] Schubert of Bucharest (February 17, 1951), the pastor of the Italian Church in Bucharest, Pietro Ernesto Clemente Gatti (8 March 1951), the rector of the theological seminary in Timisoara and secret bishop Adalbert Boros (March 10, 1951), the episcopal secretary of Timisoara, Ioan canon [Hans] Heber ( March 10, 1951), head of the episcopal office, Provost Iosif [Josef] Waltner (13 March 1951), translator of the Italian Embassy in Bucharest, Eraldo Pintori (April 27, 1951), former school inspector and deputies in the Grand National Assembly, Vice Chairman of the illegal Christian Social Party, Lazar Stefanescu (4 May 1951), the chairman of the same underground party and former school inspector, Gheorghe Sandulescu (May 13, 1951) and the Bucharest doctor, Petre Topa (14 May 1951) - sentenced in September 1951, Bucharest Military Court to heavy prison sentences. Heading the group was convicted of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Timisoara, Augustin Pacha (* 26 11th 1870 - † 4 11th 1954) who was sentenced to 18 years in prison. The text published here

to the process is an excerpt from one written by William Totok book that is soon to appear under the title "The bishop, Hitler and the Securitate.

(...) In order to prove the subversive activities of the Vatican, created the Securitate artificial ties between three different actions: 1) Hitler audience, 2) espionage and 3) anti-communist resistance. This created the impression

operational links. Pacha itself served as an example of the Holy See informative controlled infiltration. Therefore, he was a Hitler sympathizer, as an enemy of the regime and denounced anti-Communist workers of the Anglo-American spy network. To construct a direct line between the political accusations, and the Italian Embassy in Bucharest was mitimpliziert in the process. The message was considered a hub of the western secret services and as a secret supporter of an active anti-communist underground resistance group. For this reason, were on the dock except Pacha and three Catholic dignitaries from Timisoara - Hans Heber, Josef Waltner and Adalbert Boros - also the founder of the illegal Christian-Socialist Party - Lazar Gheorghe Stefanescu and Sandulescu. Between the representatives of these two groups existed no connections. You did not even personally met and probably for the first time during the trial.

To counteract a possible Catholic opposition and to make an additional example was in the same review process also accused the Bucharest secret Bishop Joseph Schubert and sentenced. Schubert was attributed to the role of the Vatican's "mole" after the closed diplomatic mission of the Holy See and the Papal Nuncio of the country was made.

What the intelligence and the military prosecutor to the public within one week of 10 to 17 September 1951, presents corresponded to the classic pattern a conceptual process. The accused should: 1) tied legally as human beings, 2) destroy historical propaganda as individuals, and 3) should be a deterrent sets an example. The process corresponding to the concept, the historical events on a pre-programmed, primitive scheme to reduce the irrational simplifications of the Stalinist-communist world view could be adjusted. This view corresponded to the other an equally simple world view, which in its primitive than the legal existence of a hostile and treacherous group allowed no nuances. Therefore, the defendants had in the public, as criminal, immoral and unpatriotic agents in the service of imperialism, fascism and Anglo American are represented and have a show trial, the humiliation endured.

Organized in Bucharest criminal proceedings against the "agents in the cassock" bears the signature of the Moscow show trials. It is similar but also the processes that have been instigated in other Eastern bloc countries against religious dignitaries, such as in November 1950 in Czechoslovakia "against the agents of the Vatican and Bishop Stanislav Zela (1).

striking on the term of the Securitate , accessible documentary material, the conceptual consistency between the while the preliminary investigation extorted statements, witness statements and stored during the process confessions. The officials at past mistakes, and often only clerical, are of minor importance and have fixed dramaturgy not affected. The margins are due to the amateurish work of the Securitate are noticed during the process to anyone, although the total acceptance of the accusations and the filing of extensive confessions within the meaning of the indictment confirmed the suspicion that the accused had been carefully instructed. This follows at least from the 14 November 1991 filed the request of the rehabilitation after the turn of the Titular Archbishop appointed Adalbert Boros, the insured, to have been forced to learn the "Text of the process" to heart. (2) is also for this reason was a revocation of the statements made during the preliminary investigation is practically impossible. Only certain formulations in the mandatory self-accusations and confessions put certain, barely perceptible accent. The absence of a legally guaranteed final word or a laconic last word is synonymous with a silent protest against a staged process and reveals the courage of a lone defendant. Such indirect refusal gesture afforded by all the defendants only the Bucharest secret Bishop Joseph Schubert. His laconic final word consisted of two sentences; they contain such a thing as a secret message to the audience in the hall, his tormentor, and not least to posterity:

"Mr Chairman, Honourable Court. During the examination, you have all heard about me and learn of me having done. . I am what I am concerned, add nothing and expect full trust your fair decision "(3) have

Whether in detail on the proposed - and probably also rehearsed - the end of the process and the West by the German observer Irma Loos described ritual greeting of the bishop had heard two of his former employees, is not apparent from the record. When the court takes a break, Irma Loos writes, "raises Pacha - greeting - or blessing hand to the audience, and before the group is led out of the defendants, two of them kiss his hand. I can perceive nothing in them, which might suggest any mistreatment. You look pale - some are already one year in prison -. That's all I see "(4)

To dispel any doubts about the voluntariness of the confessions and the legality of the proceedings, corresponded to the formal the usual sequence - the rule of law laminated - Schema, so the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The desired behavior of the accused is a prerequisite for the smooth conduct of the proceedings. The defendants accept the axiom of the prosecutor and ask for a light sentence. Except Josef Schubert. The request is supported by pointing out during the preliminary investigation to have filed false or full confessions.

led and directed the production process, the Securitate, while the judges, prosecutors, witnesses for the prosecution, defense counsel, the accused and the hand-picked audience became actors in a sinister spectacle. The defendants - the victim of a criminal system - should the general public with the stigma of a fictitious debt provided offenders are presented, which actually were only scapegoats and were intended to intimidate potential copycat criminals and the discouragement of any resistance. This corresponded to a fully sprung reason paranoid terror mechanism, one of the interrogators his victim - NS Rubashov - tried to explain in the novel "Eclipse" by Arthur Koestler: "The experience teaches (...), that one for the masses difficult and complicated processes must be simple and tangible explanations. As far as I know the story, I see that scapegoats have always been an indispensable institution. "(5) The world public should ultimately represented by the Facts, though not convinced, then at least be informed. The proposed response to the process can be understood within the context of the published in the international press releases and reports. (6)

A both propaganda and the deterrence and intimidation service role should also play a 1952 published in Bucharest brochure (7) and Detailed reports from the Romanian press, especially those from the German-language daily newspaper "New Way". A similar goal is also pursued in East Germany by Ludwig Renn (8) report published volume, "From the old and new Romania". The last chapter of the book is exclusively devoted to the process. Eyewitness Ludwig Renn gave it a masterpiece of journalistic twist of art, taking inspiration in particular from the indictment, the prosecutor and contributes to some of his own, the "incorruptible class standpoint" committed impressions. However, the combined observations in a diary of the above, now-forgotten West German author Irma Loos, who was allowed to pursue a foreign guest the process happening on the ground, is a prime example of unscrupulous tendency literature.

The actual course of the process can be reconstructed on the basis of the record. The trial lasted from 10 to 17 September 1951 and took place before a military tribunal in Bucharest, its chairman, Major General Alexandru Petrescu was, as prosecutors went to court prosecutor Captain Ovidiu Teodorescu, and the Special Court prosecutor Colonel Aurel Ardeleanu. The trial began on 10 September at 9 clock in the morning with the reading of the indictment, the so-called "Introductory Unit (9), which is based on the written summary of preliminary investigations by the Securitate (10).

first The trial, Monday, 10 September 1951
clock 9: Start of the trial. Reading of the indictment.
Here are several short breaks during the questioning of Augustin Pacha, Joseph Waltner and Joseph Schubert. The hearing has probably been broken off against 20 clock.

second The trial, Tuesday 11 September 1951
8:45 clock: Survey Adalbert Boros, Clement Gatti, Eraldo Pintori, Petre Topa, Gheorghe Sandulescu, Hans Heber. At 19:45 clock the hearing was canceled, set to continue for the next day at 8:30 clock.

third The trial, on Wednesday 12 September 1951
interrogation of witnesses, Franz herbs, Hildegard Reissner, Gerda core Weiss (where Schubert contradicts his statement vehemently), Christine Dewald (11), Maria Judith Fenyvesi, Eva step (12), Ioana Niculita, Mihai Rotaru, Emil Riti, Eusebiu Cutcan, Gavril Salajan. The trial is stopped at 19:40 and continued the next day at 8.55 clock.

4th The trial, Thursday 13 September 1951
testimony of other witnesses: Ioan fish, Sebastian Constantinescu, Gheorghe Grecu, Ion Popovici, Paulina Epuran, Petre Niculescu, Alexandra Dozzi, Zoltan Ferenczy, Stefan V. Radu, Ion M. Alecu, Gheorghe Craciun, Maria Popovici, Petre Sagiu, Marinescu Vasile, Elisabeta [Hildegardis] Wulff. has
(was originally 28 prosecution witnesses testify in court (13), defense witnesses are not given during this farce. Mihoc Martin and Stefan Tataru were not released. In the records there are no explanations for their absence.

5th the trial, Friday, 14. September 1951
The start of the trial, the defense of the accused was given is not recorded in the minutes. The following lawyers were in charge of the defense: Savin Ladislau for Augustin Pacha, George Dumitrescu (Josef Schubert), Roman Manole (Clement Gatti), N. Hogas (Adalbert Boros), Barbu Solomon (Joseph Waltner), Vasile Gheciu (Hans Heber), Victor Lazarescu (Gheorghe Sandulescu), Constantin Constantinescu (Petre Topa), Eugen Ionescu (Lazar Stefanescu) and Mihail Mayo (Eraldo Pintori).
was on the last trial for the accused the right of a final opinion - granted - the so-called "last word. All of which made use of. To Clock 21 is repealed and the meeting adjourned to Monday at 12 clock.

6th Day, Monday, 17 September 1951
The composite of the following persons military court - Court Chairman, Major General, Dr. Alexandru Petrescu; members: Court Lascar Petrovici Colonel, Colonel Ioan Petreanu Court, Court of Colonel Nicolae Grigore and court Lieutenant Colonel Aurel Casandra - announced the verdict No. 1228th The full text of the appeal was the accused - according to protocol - the first in the prison of Jilava read. At the same time, they were also informed that they may raise objections within four days of protest against the verdict. (14) Pacha makes such as this right and a day is later its on an already pre-typed sheets written objection (15).

The indictment contains the full range of Stalinist Diskreditierungsattribute that include all activities of the defendants as evidence for their unbridled hatred of the working class, their deliberate betrayal the interests of the Romanian People's Republic and its infiltration activities of the people's democratic state. (16)

In the process Pacha put off a full confession, which met his written observations. It is contradicted by the prosecutor in the indictment held view that he had the classification of priests and laity in the German ethnic group operated (17).

the questions during the hearing were for Bishop Pacha and secret bishop Boros translated into Hungarian, Italian Pintori ins. After the other defendants had to leave the room, began questioning the grotesque Pachas. Since the survey was carried out with the help of the interpreter, the dialog is similar in places, an absurd piece.

PRESIDENT: You are already old, want you want or do you sit? PACHA
ACCUSED AUGUSTIN: I stop.
PRESIDENT: Ask the accused, since he knows when Scherer? What passed for relations between the two?
defendants: I know Scherer since 1933.
PRESIDENT: What kind of relationship where it?
ACCUSED: I theologians sent abroad to Germany because there had been at the universities of Romania no Catholic theology faculty. Scherer was the secretary of the St. Boniface 'Association and came across this property in Timisoara.
PRESIDENT: There you have got to know Emily Scherer?
ACCUSED: Yes, in Timisoara.
PRESIDENT: Were you in Berlin in 1934?
ACCUSED: I stayed there for 5 days.
PRESIDENT: Who organized this trip to Berlin?
ACCUSED: This trip was organized Scherer.
PRESIDENT: From Who was the accused during this trip accompanied?
ACCUSED: From my close relatives, Franz herbs (18).
PRESIDENT: When he arrived in Berlin, has taken its close relative herbs immediately contact Scherer?
ACCUSED: Immediately. He met me at the station.
PRESIDENT: What he has discussed with Scherer about the objective to Hitler audience?
ACCUSED: Scherer told me: "You are a Roman Catholic bishop and the majority of your creditors are German, and because the propaganda of Hitler is directed against the Catholics, it would be good if you took in connection with Hitler to turn it on attention to this issue make "
PRESIDENT:. What was the response that the defendant had given to the proposal of Pacha Emil Scherer? Was he immediately agreed with the audience or did he in this connection included contact with someone?
Defendant: I did not immediately responded, I asked for a cooling-off to the Berlin offices of the Vatican link up to see if she agrees that I apply for this audience.
PRESIDENT: Who was the Vatican official in Berlin? Who was the Papal Nuncio?
ACCUSED: Cesare Orsenigo (19).
PRESIDENT: Has he taken to Cesare Orsenigo contact?
Defendant: I am in the company of herb immediately went to him.
PRESIDENT: What he has spoken in this context, Orsenigo?
Defendant: I said what I had come Scherer, that I would like to request an audience with Hitler. He understood that and gave me an answer.
PRESIDENT: What did he say it?
defendants: He replied that after he proposed that I would like to call on Hitler had realized that I should raise the matter there.
PRESIDENT: Has he specifically said what he had to talk to Hitler? Was told him that he had also the consent of Orsenigo, when he went to Hitler, or not?
ACCUSED: Yes.
PRESIDENT: Has He said nothing to him?
Defendant: I do not understand your question.
PRESIDENT: When he spoke with Orsenigo, this has told him he could tell Hitler that he knew of it? Orsenigo him an audience with Hitler has approved?
ACCUSED: And he has given me no power, but he told me not to tell Hitler that he knew it.
PRESIDENT: What he was after this conversation with Orsenigo (20) the audience with Hitler and how did the audience?
ACCUSED: Scherer then arranged the whole thing, because I told him I would go for an audience with Hitler, which he made all the preparations.
PRESIDENT: With whom he was in an audience with Hitler?
ACCUSED: Even Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess, was present there.
PRESIDENT: No, with whom he went to Hitler?
ACCUSED: I went along with the deputy Franz herbs.
PRESIDENT: And then there was also Rudolf Hess? What a conversation he had with Hitler?
Defendant: I introduced myself to Hitler and said that I was a Roman Catholic bishop in Romania that the majority of my faithful were German and that I bring him greetings from them.
PRESIDENT: What he asked of Hitler and what does this tell him?
Defendant: I asked Hitler, not to allow his political propagandists, a dishonest to pursue policies that lead to a split in the community of my German believers, because they are set against the Catholic Church.
PRESIDENT: Who has taken the word of Pacha?
ACCUSED: Then herbs has taken the floor, the leader asked him some information about the conditions in which the Germans lived in Romania.
PRESIDENT: What did Hitler want to know mainly about the Germans in Romania?
ACCUSED: Hitler expressed a particular interest in the material situation of Germans in Romania and promised to ban his propagandists to continue their dishonest propaganda.
PRESIDENT: Was the audience come to an end, or ...
ACCUSED: The audience was over and I went along with herbs still back in the same week to Romania.
PRESIDENT: What is Pacha after his return to the country of his audience with Hitler?
Defendant: I was reading at the time the Bucharest newspaper and saw that Nicolae Iorga had sent an inquiry about my audience with Hitler to the Senate. I have also read other newspapers and saw that she commented on this audience.
PRESIDENT: The defendant Pacha to tell us what his attitude towards the German-fascist organizations from dam Banat.
ACCUSED: Since the majority of my faithful Were German, I could not face these organizations are indifferent, because in this case would have been a big part of my faithful ignored me.
PRESIDENT: And then you have been heavily involved in the demonstrations - or not?
Defendant: I was with some of these rallies.
PRESIDENT: Which manifestations of fascist organizations have taken part are you?
ACCUSED: That was a long time ago, I can not think of two.
PRESIDENT: What were they?
Defendant: I took part in a rally that took place in Timisoara, which was organized by Andreas Schmidt, Hitler's deputy and representative in Romania; It was organized by the student youth rally, on which I too had been involved.
PRESIDENT: How did Augustin Pacha his presence to the participants in the protest itself?
ACCUSED: Since the vast majority belonged to the German student youth, which had appeared in masses and with the usual collection of the arm - the Hitler salute - greet, I replied with the same salute, so they feel that their bishop is on their side.
PRESIDENT: In addition to this, do you remember also to other rallies?
ACCUSED: Such a demonstration of the German ethnic group in which I participated, was held in New-held Arad, where I greeted with a raised arm with the Nazi salute and was greeted.
PRESIDENT: What kind of services demanded of the leader of the German-fascist organizations regarding the schools of him? He has performed these services?
Defendant: I think it was in 1941 when I received a letter from Andreas Schmidt, in which he invited me to all the Catholic German schools, with all the wealth that they had to pass the German minority.
PRESIDENT: What did the accused? Did he immediately surrendered or has there been a conversation in this regard?
Defendant: I did not hurry me with the transfer because This required long discussions; now were all German teachers of the German national group.
PRESIDENT: Where did he had permission for the transfer of the schools receive?
ACCUSED: That was a difficult matter because it concerned a great many schools, I did not dare to do something in isolation and therefore asked for the approval of the Vatican.
PRESIDENT: How the Vatican responded to the request by Augustin Pacha?
ACCUSED: The Vatican sent me through the Nuncio in Bucharest, give the answer given to the schools of the German ethnic group to use, not in their possession.
PRESIDENT: In order to use. What position was the Vatican against the policies and activities of Augustin Pacha within the fascist organizations of the Germans?
Defendant: I have tried to maintain the unity among my faithful and upright, therefore, was there where I could, on their side.
PRESIDENT: No, that was the attitude of the Vatican towards the activities of the accused?
ACCUSED: Cassulo nuncio, who was then in Bucharest, was informed of all my actions and my attitude towards these groups and accepted them.
PRESIDENT: What kind of opinion about the defendant's violations of the laws of our country. He admits that he operated spy has?
Defendant: I admit this espionage activity against the Romanian state in favor of the Vatican, as I have done it already in my statement.
PRESIDENT: When and under what circumstances he began his espionage activities? I had started my espionage activities in the year 1923 (sic) when the Vatican appointed me to the Roman Catholic Bishop of Timisoara:
defendants.
PRESIDENT: What was this spying?
ACCUSED: This was based on the canonical law, which I had to send as a Catholic bishop from time to time reports from my parish (sic) to the Vatican.
PRESIDENT: What was in the sent to the Vatican Reports?
ACCUSED: In canon law provided 100 questions, the answer must be the Roman Catholic bishop of five to five years. He must personally deliver and apply for an audience.
PRESIDENT: What was in those reports, what was it for information?
accused: They related primarily to religious issues as well as military, political, economic and social affairs.
PRESIDENT: What was in the reports that you after Hitler seized power, in the period from 1941 to 1944, have sent to the Vatican?
ACCUSED: In addition to religious issues, these reports contained information about military Character, and also those of the number of conscripts for military service, the number of young Germans who were classified in the SS, on the mood in the army and the opinions of the Hitlerites about the war.
PRESIDENT: Do you have something the Vatican informed about the economic situation?
ACCUSED: Yes, I have also sent such reports, they referred to the living conditions and on the question of how the people of the progress of the fighting on the front assesses.
PRESIDENT: Who sent those reports and who was then nuncio?
ACCUSED: I have these reports sent to the nuncio, papal Nuncio was at that time Andrea Cassulo.
PRESIDENT: In what way do you have your espionage activities after 23 August 1944 continue?
ACCUSED: After 23 August Cassulo Andrea asked me to send him further reports, which I did.
PRESIDENT: what did this after 23 August 1944 written reports?
ACCUSED: The reports are based upon the written instructions given by Cassulo.
PRESIDENT: What was in it for military information?
ACCUSED: I can not answer this question precisely, because since a long time has passed, but I have provided only general information because I do not have access to accurate information had.
PRESIDENT: Which way do you have the information before and after 23 August 1944 collected?
ACCUSED: The information I gathered with the help of my priests and believers of some with whom I was connected.
PRESIDENT: With whom have you worked in the procurement of information from November 1947?
ACCUSED: From November 1947 I asked my priest to obtain information and send it to the nuncio. Among them was Joseph Waltner.
PRESIDENT: Did you also commissioned jack (21)
ACCUSED: Yes, I have asked him too.
PRESIDENT: Tell us some words about your espionage activities in the Period 1944-1950 - when you were arrested.
ACCUSED: Andrea Cassulo gave me the job in 1945, information about the Soviet troops who have moved through my diocese to send. Just as I was to report on the views of Soviet troops against the population or the welfare of the population against the Soviet army. These reports I have written in accordance with the instructions Cassulos. On 15 August 1945 I personally went to Bucharest, where I delivered an oral report.
PRESIDENT: With whom have you worked for Cassulo?
ACCUSED: Cassulo was nuncio until 1947 - when he left the country. I stayed to 18 September 1948 Roman Catholic Bishop of Timisoara. On Cassulo followed the new Nuncio O'Hara. When he took over the Nuncio, he gave a dinner, attended by several bishops.
PRESIDENT: What has been discussed on this occasion and what do you have for statements?
ACCUSED: Over dinner I told O'Hara that he was American, he had connections with the American Embassy and that he would leave with our help, the U.S. Embassy continue to play [information]. And so it happened. After the termination of the Concordat in 1948 by the Romanian Government, as the current regime enjoyed greater success, received the espionage activities for a broader base and an even more secret orientation. I was at that time the Bishops an unofficial letter in which I was informed that I will from now on information by trusted couriers to send and that I should be collecting information by trusted people. I was then already 80 years old, was ill and could not engage in this activity. I then asked Waltner Joseph, to whom I had confidence to gather this information and send it to the nunciature on.
CHAIRMAN: What sort of instructions you received from the Nunciature after Waltner had made contact with the nunciature?
Defendant: I asked Waltner, leading to the nuncio received instructions over and then me and to inform and when.
PRESIDENT: What did you say?
ACCUSED: One year later, he told me that he had spoken to Del Mestri that would have informed him that the spy network had to be extended. Since I was sick and old I could not follow the events.
PRESIDENT: Has he not given notice of the instructions Waltner, what would happen after the closure of the nuncio with the information?
ACCUSED: Yes, he told me that remain after the departure of the nuncio a person from the Nuncio and the Vatican continue to provide information will pass on. The name of the person he has not called me, he had no opportunity, for I was on 18 Arrested in July 1950.
PRESIDENT: He should say whether he has kept in the archives some documents showing his spying for the Vatican.
ACCUSED: Yes, up in 1948 has there been such.
PRESIDENT: What did he do with them?
ACCUSED: 1950 I have destroyed these documents.
CHAIRMAN: For what reason?
Defendant: I destroyed these documents because we had the idea that the authorities could prove the basis of these documents our espionage activities.
PRESIDENT: Those who have destroyed these documents?
defendants: Some of the documents were destroyed by Waltner and Heber, some of the most secret documents but was burned by me.
PRESIDENT: Admit the accused, precious metals and foreign currencies have possessed?
Defendant: I admit it, as I have been already made in my statement.
PRESIDENT: Do the comrades judge may ask a question?
GEN. JUDGE IOAN PETREANU (22): The defendant should we explain his relationship with Andreas Schmidt and tell us how often and why it has taken him to discuss what they have in?
accused: It was three plays with me. At the first meeting was also a farmer from Warjasch, Peter Anton, also, which played an important role in the German ethnic group. This was just a courtesy visit. This took about 15 minutes before 1, at noon, at a time when I usually ate lunch, out of courtesy I invited them to lunch. He then visited me in the same year two more times, I could not say for what reason, there was certainly no important occasion, he complained of some priests.
PRESIDENT: The meeting took place at least in connection with the German fascist organizations?
ACCUSED: Maybe he wanted to have it so, I have answered any event none of his visits.
PRESIDENT: Did the fellow prosecutors Any questions?
GEN. STATE ATTORNEY, COURT CHIEF OVIDIU TEODORESCU: The defendant testified that he had possessed precious metals and foreign currency funds and that he maintains his statement. Nevertheless, I want him representing us in detail, what type of precious metals, it has acted and what he has done so. As for foreign currency he possessed and what he has done with it?
Defendant: I had foreign exchange and gold. I can not exactly remember the weight of gold, it was about 1 kg. I thought before my death I could get my currency this can only old sister, so I hid it.
PRESIDENT: Where have you hidden it?
Defendant: I left my former secretary Michael get Will Young and asked him to hide it. After a few days he came to me and told me he had it hidden in the Roman Catholic Church in Kleinbetschkerek. I have taken this to the attention.
PRESIDENT: What happened to the dollar?
ACCUSED: From America, I received about $ 400. I got to see shows. I kept to myself 40 dollars, the rest I gave at the fair, some older priests.
PRESIDENT: In the market you have changed anything?
Defendant: I can not remember, I believe that the 40 dollars off the bench.
SPECIAL PROSECUTOR COL ARDELEANU: The accused may Pacha us to say whether the Vatican contained in the years 1938, 1939 and 1940 provided information related to the political activity of anti-fascist democratic organizations in the country and to detail what it was?
ACCUSED: I can not remember exactly, but I know for sure that was mentioned in the report from the year 1938 for the first time by the activities of the Communist Party because he had been asked of us, to report on the activities of this party , on the attitudes of the masses to this party and whether the masses to support this party. At that time the activities of the party was still very modest, so that I have very little information. I reported what I had heard.
SPECIAL PROSECUTOR ARDELEANU COLONEL: The defendant said in court by specific instructions and orders he has received from the nuncio. He should say whether he received other than the statements herein are also other commands from the Nunciature.
ACCUSED: I can not recall having received from the Nuncio other commands [mentioned] in addition to the.
SPECIAL PROSECUTOR ARDELEANU COLONEL: What do you remember in connection with the pastoral letter?
ACCUSED: This was an incident that had occurred later, on 3 June 1950. Wulff Hildegard [is] brought me a manuscript, as I could see was typed on the typewriter of Del Mestri was. I also received verbal instructions read the circular in all churches of the diocese to leave.
PRESIDENT: What was in this newsletter?
ACCUSED: I received the circular on Saturday afternoon, I read it and found that it contained insults to the government of our country and the regime and incites people against this regime.
SPECIAL PROSECUTOR COL ARDELEANU: Have you talked with someone about the newsletter?
Defendant: I have spoken with my priests, who were very close to me, and felt that a publication [of writing] for I would have serious consequences. Waltner was then traveled by plane to Bucharest, I was waiting for him so that he would give me some advice.
STATE ATTORNEY: What has published Waltner (sic)?
ACCUSED: Waltner said he was at Del Mestri actually seen a copy of this Circular and said that his reading would lead to the arrest of the bishop.
PROSECUTOR: What did Del Mestri respond to that?
ACCUSED: Del Mestri replied, in accordance with the Nunciature you've decided that a reading of the newsletter is more important than the arrest of the bishop.
LAWYER SAVIN: Comrade Chairman, the accused intended to Answer whether it is true that he had said after his return from the audience with Hitler in Berlin, Heber and Waltner, he had proposed to Hitler the cooperation of Church and Nazism.
PRESIDENT: (. Repeats the question)
ACCUSED: That has happened a long time ago, 18 years ago, so I can not remember, but I remember well that I never said such a thing.
LAWYER: He is to answer the question whether on his return from Berlin, the Catholic priests of his diocese had given the statement that both the clergy and the faithful of German descent to join the German national minority.
defendants: Such instructions, I had neither the clergy nor the laity granted.
ATTORNEY: The defendant is factually answer to the question of whether he after his removal from office as a bishop, after 18 September 1948, continues to espionage activities - from the collection or dissemination of information - was included.
PRESIDENT: The defendant has answered this question already.
LAWYER: On the approved sent by Del Mestri circular, which should be read in Timisoara Cathedral ...
accused: It was a very long manuscript, of which I used a quarter or a fifth, which I converted into a sort of sermon, which was held in the Cathedral of Timisoara.
ATTORNEY: Did he also read those sections that contained insults and slander of the people's democratic regime, or has he omitted it?
Defendant: I many of these insults and slanders have chosen, Heber and Boros helped me with the selection. I thought nothing more was left, but, as I heard later, was still a lot to stand still.
PRESIDENT: The meeting is set aside and continued against 17 clock "(23)
The process reflects in an exemplary manner that typical Stalinist conspiracy paranoia that all suspects agents and class enemies.. This is even more marked in the interrogations of the other nine defendants expressed. (...)


Fußnoten:

(1) VGL., Der Prozess gegen die in der Agenten des Vatikans Tschechoslowakei. Bischof und Komplizen Zela, herausgegeben we tschechoslowakischen Justizministerium, Orbis Verlag, Prag 1951.
(2) Adalbert Boros, "the State Secretariat for Religious Affairs, November 14, 1991, (An Staatssekretariat für das Kult, 14. November 1991), Archives of the National Council for Studying Securitate Archives, Fund Criminal [Fortan: ACNSAS] file 15,563, vol 40, Bl 45.
(3) ACNSAS, file 15,563, vol 8, Bl 328.
(4) Irma Loos Rumänisches Tagebuch 1951, Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt, Frankfurt am Main 1952, S. 88-89.
(5) Arthur Koestler, Sonnenfinsternis. Roman, Ullstein, Berlin 1979, S. 191.
(6) Zum Beispiel in der US-amerikanischen Presse: "Ten Go on Trial in Bangalore, confess" Spying "for the Vatican", in: The Washington Post, 11. 09. 1951, S. 3, "Death Is Asked. For 4 of 10 in Romania Trial ", in: The Washington Post, 15. 09. 1951, S. 3; "Rumania sentences 10", in: New York Times, 18. 09. 1951, S. 3; "Vatican Banishes Group in Rumania", in: New York Times, 19.09. 1951, S 17.
(7) The group of spies, traitors and conspirators in the service of the Vatican and the Italian intelligence center (Der Prozess einer Gruppe von Spionen, Verrätern and conspirators in the service of the Vatican and the Italian intelligence center), Editura de Stat pentru Literatura Stiintifica, Bucharest 1952nd
(8) Ludwig Renn (* 1889 - † 1979), Arnold Friedrich eigtl Viehth of Golßenau, aristocrat, novelist, English Civil War and Communist Party functionary, 1947 return to the Soviet occupation zone, in exile in Mexico. In 1950 he was questioned in the context of the Field affair, which he concealed some meetings with Mr. and Mrs. Field, as well as alleged and actual agents among the emigrants left in Mexico. For biography see: Bernd-Rainer Barth, Werner Schweizer, The Case of Noel Field. Key figure in the show trials in Eastern Europe. Prison years 1949-1954, base pressure, Berlin 2005, S. 390.
(9) Major Adrian Fratila justice, Attorney Bucharest Military Tribunal Chief Prosecutor "Introductory Essay" [after "preliminary research documents that make up the dossier on the allegations ...], 8 September 1951 (nach dem Abschluss Einleitendes Report Gerichtsmajor Adrian von der Voruntersuchungen Fratila, der Leiter des Bukarester Militärstaatsanwaltschaft Militärtribunals) ACNSAS, file 15,563, vol 4, Bl 1-48.
(10) Minutes after the conclusion drawn by Lt. Security research, Theodore Micle (erstellt von Securitateleutnant Protokoll nach Abschluss der Untersuchungen Micle Theodore), ACNSAS, file 15,563, vol 1, Bl 1-19.
(11) The minutes of the court hearing her name spoof. Instead it says in the Dewar Ewald. See, ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 8, f. 172 ff
(12) In the documents appear on the different names in different spellings. Eva step is, for example, with Nikolaus Engelmann Eva Fougere. See, Sabine-Else Astfalk, Josef Nischbach. A life of faith and nationality, collaboration: Nikolaus Engelmann and Alfred Huth, Editor: Country Team of the Banat Swabians National Association of Baden-Wurttemberg, Stuttgart 2000, p. 52
(13) See, list of witnesses, in: Maior de Justitie Adrian Fratila, Procuror sef al Parchetului Tribunalului Militar Bucuresti "Unit introductives [dupa" Actel ce formeaza dosarul cercetarilor preliminare, privind pe acuzatii ...], din 8 septembrie 1951 (Introductory Unit after the completion of the preliminary investigations of court Fratila Adrian Major, head of the Military Prosecutor of the Bucharest Military Tribunal), ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 4, f. 49-50.
See also: Proces verbal (sentinta-minuta) No. 1228, 17 septembrie 1951, (summary of the appeal), ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 4, f. 245 verso.
(14) Ibid, Bl 274th
(15) Ibid, Bl 275th
(16) See, ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 4, f. 1-48.
(17) Proces verbal. Interogatorul inculpatului Augustin Pacha, 10 septembrie 1951 (interrogation record of the accused Augustin Pacha, 10 September 1951), ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 4, f. 152-154.
(18) In the original misspelled: Kreuter Francisc. corrected in silence.
(19) In the original Mispellings Cezar. corrected in silence.
(20) Orsenigo Cesare (* 13:12 1873 in Villa San Carlo -.. † 01.04 1946 in Eichstätt), 1896 ordained priest, 1912 canon of the Milan Cathedral, Titular Archbishop of Ptolemais, Libya, 1922-1925 Internuncio in Holland, from 1925 to 1930 Apostolic Nuncio in Hungary. On 25 April 1930 he came to Berlin as successor Pacelli. He had two meetings with Hitler, one on 4 May 1939 on the Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden and another ibid in November 1943. "At least in the early days" was when Orsenigo, "a certain sympathy for fascism and Nazism was there," says a church lexicon. See, Ekkart Sauser, Biographical-Bibliographical Lexicon Church, Verlag Traugott Bautz, Volume XXI, 2003, columns 1136-1140.
His conduct in Berlin against the Nazi regime is described as "cautious and timid." Orsenigo, it says, was "always trying not to offend." See Gerhard Besier, Francesca Piombo, The Holy See and Hitler's Germany. The fascination of totalitarianism, DVA, Munich 2004, p. 127
Can these properties Pachas attributed the statement during the investigation and during his interrogation in court, Orsenigo had advised him to maintain utmost secrecy on the visit to Hitler and not someone to trust that he had agreed with the audience?
(21) in the typescript has typed the name wrong: instead of properly Ebert lift.
(22) The name of the judge was added later by hand.
(23) hearing Pachas before the Bucharest Military Court on 10 September 1951, ACNSAS, dosar 15 563, vol. 8, f. 2-16.

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